Taking into account all of the ARRA’s economic consequences — including the economic costs of raising taxes to pay for the spending, its effects on future spending, and any other likely future effects — the benefits of the stimulus will end up exceeding its costs.
| Participant | University | Vote | Confidence | Comment | Bio/Vote History |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Daron Acemoglu
|
MIT | Agree | 3 | Bio/Vote History | |
Alberto Alesina
|
Harvard | Agree | 6 | Bio/Vote History | |
Joseph Altonji
|
Yale | Did Not Answer | Bio/Vote History | ||
Alan Auerbach
|
Berkeley | Agree | 7 | Bio/Vote History | |
David Autor
|
MIT | Agree | 7 | Bio/Vote History | |
Katherine Baicker
|
Harvard | Did Not Answer | Bio/Vote History | ||
Abhijit Banerjee
|
MIT | --- | --- |
--- |
Bio/Vote History |
| Joined 11/2013 | Strongly Agree | 8 |
i think everyone was in a complete funk in 2009 and the assurance of government support stopped a potential meltdown. |
||
Marianne Bertrand
|
Chicago | Agree | 3 | Bio/Vote History | |
Markus Brunnermeier
|
Princeton | --- | --- |
--- |
Bio/Vote History |
| Joined 11/2013 | Agree | 4 |
It would have been better if the stimulus would have been more effectively employed and led to better long-run investments. |
||
Raj Chetty
|
Harvard | Did Not Answer | Bio/Vote History | ||
Judith Chevalier
|
Yale | Agree | 9 | Bio/Vote History | |
Janet Currie
|
Princeton | Agree | 3 | Bio/Vote History | |
David Cutler
|
Harvard | Strongly Agree | 10 | Bio/Vote History | |
| Revote 11/2013 | Strongly Agree | 6 | |||
Angus Deaton
|
Princeton | Strongly Agree | 9 | Bio/Vote History | |
Darrell Duffie
|
Stanford | Agree | 2 |
Subsidizing employment leads employment to go up, other things equal. Adverse impacts through growth incentives might take time. |
Bio/Vote History |
Aaron Edlin
|
Berkeley | Did Not Answer | Bio/Vote History | ||
Barry Eichengreen
|
Berkeley | Strongly Agree | 9 | Bio/Vote History | |
Liran Einav
|
Stanford | --- | --- |
--- |
Bio/Vote History |
| Joined 11/2013 | Agree | 6 | |||
Ray Fair
|
Yale | Strongly Agree | 10 | Bio/Vote History | |
Amy Finkelstein
|
MIT | --- | --- |
--- |
Bio/Vote History |
| Joined 11/2013 | Strongly Agree | 8 | |||
|
|
Yale | Agree | 6 | Bio/Vote History | |
Claudia Goldin
|
Harvard | Agree | 7 | Bio/Vote History | |
Austan Goolsbee
|
Chicago | Strongly Agree | 9 |
quit with the politics and just go read the official ARRA reports for a review of the evidence |
Bio/Vote History |
Michael Greenstone
|
Chicago | Strongly Agree | 8 | Bio/Vote History | |
|
|
Stanford | Agree | 7 |
All reasonable models have this implication, but there's enough the models are missing... |
Bio/Vote History |
Oliver Hart
|
Harvard | --- | --- |
--- |
Bio/Vote History |
| Joined 11/2013 | Strongly Agree | 8 |
I'm enough of a Keynesian to believe this. |
||
Bengt Holmström
|
MIT | Agree | 9 | Bio/Vote History | |
Caroline Hoxby
|
Stanford | Strongly Disagree | 5 |
High confidence on an issue like this would be foolish.That being said, the depressing effect of future liabilities likely exceeded benefits |
Bio/Vote History |
Hilary Hoynes
|
Berkeley | --- | --- |
--- |
Bio/Vote History |
| Joined 11/2013 | Strongly Agree | 10 | |||
Kenneth Judd
|
Stanford | Uncertain | 6 |
There has been no serious study of this. Most analyses that try to analyze 2008-2011 are too simple and/or plagued with mathematical errors. |
Bio/Vote History |
Steven Kaplan
|
Chicago | --- | --- |
--- |
Bio/Vote History |
| Joined 11/2013 | Agree | 3 | |||
Anil Kashyap
|
Chicago | Strongly Agree | 7 |
But this is an incredibly low bar. |
Bio/Vote History |
Pete Klenow
|
Stanford | Agree | 8 |
Caveat: how much was it offset by less agressive (than otherwise) unconventional monetary policy? -see background information here |
Bio/Vote History |
Edward Lazear
|
Stanford | Disagree | 6 |
The estimates are varied and the highest are based on ex ante models, not experienced-based data. The upper bound estimate is low. |
Bio/Vote History |
Jonathan Levin
|
Stanford | Did Not Answer | Bio/Vote History | ||
Eric Maskin
|
Harvard | Agree | 6 | Bio/Vote History | |
|
|
Yale | Strongly Agree | 9 |
See the various CBO studies on the subject. |
Bio/Vote History |
Maurice Obstfeld
|
Berkeley | Agree | 9 | Bio/Vote History | |
Cecilia Rouse
|
Princeton | Strongly Agree | 10 |
With the caveat that there is no perfect experiment, the evidence suggests it boosted the economy. |
Bio/Vote History |
Emmanuel Saez
|
Berkeley | Strongly Agree | 8 | Bio/Vote History | |
Larry Samuelson
|
Yale | --- | --- |
--- |
Bio/Vote History |
| Joined 11/2013 | Agree | 6 | |||
José Scheinkman
|
Princeton | Agree | 4 | Bio/Vote History | |
|
|
MIT | Agree | 6 | Bio/Vote History | |
Carl Shapiro
|
Berkeley | --- | --- |
--- |
Bio/Vote History |
| Joined 11/2013 | Strongly Agree | 10 |
Theory and empirical evidence line up in a convincing manner on this point. |
||
Robert Shimer
|
Chicago | --- | --- |
--- |
Bio/Vote History |
| Joined 11/2013 | Agree | 8 | |||
Hyun Song Shin
|
Princeton | Agree | 7 | Bio/Vote History | |
James Stock
|
Harvard | Strongly Agree | 8 | Bio/Vote History | |
Nancy Stokey
|
Chicago | Agree | 8 |
Block grants to the states allowed them to cut education, health, and other services by less as state tax revenues fell. |
Bio/Vote History |
Richard Thaler
|
Chicago | Agree | 7 |
Even clearer by 2011. Why ask about 2010 when much of the stimulus is slow acting? The stimulus project on my way to work just finishing. |
Bio/Vote History |
Christopher Udry
|
Yale | Strongly Agree | 3 | Bio/Vote History | |
Luigi Zingales
|
Chicago | Agree | 6 |
At the very minimum the transfer to the states prevented them from firing state employees. But I do not know how big the overall effect was |
Bio/Vote History |
| Participant | University | Vote | Confidence | Comment | Bio/Vote History |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Daron Acemoglu
|
MIT | Uncertain | 3 | Bio/Vote History | |
Alberto Alesina
|
Harvard | Strongly Disagree | 4 | Bio/Vote History | |
Joseph Altonji
|
Yale | Did Not Answer | Bio/Vote History | ||
Alan Auerbach
|
Berkeley | Agree | 7 | Bio/Vote History | |
David Autor
|
MIT | Agree | 5 | Bio/Vote History | |
Katherine Baicker
|
Harvard | Did Not Answer | Bio/Vote History | ||
Abhijit Banerjee
|
MIT | --- | --- |
--- |
Bio/Vote History |
| Joined 11/2013 | Agree | 6 |
The only reason I hesitate is that the US political system is totally broken. As result the readjustment may be anything but rational. |
||
Marianne Bertrand
|
Chicago | Uncertain | 3 | Bio/Vote History | |
Markus Brunnermeier
|
Princeton | --- | --- |
--- |
Bio/Vote History |
| Joined 11/2013 | Uncertain | 3 | |||
Raj Chetty
|
Harvard | Did Not Answer | Bio/Vote History | ||
Judith Chevalier
|
Yale | Uncertain | 9 |
This is in part an empirical question and I think it would be difficult to answer this with any certainty. |
Bio/Vote History |
Janet Currie
|
Princeton | Uncertain | 3 | Bio/Vote History | |
David Cutler
|
Harvard | Strongly Agree | 10 | Bio/Vote History | |
| Revote 11/2013 | Strongly Agree | 6 |
Not changing my vote but interesting that no one asked me why. I believe the HITECH Act (part of it) was extremely valuable as health policy |
||
Angus Deaton
|
Princeton | Agree | 7 | Bio/Vote History | |
Darrell Duffie
|
Stanford | Uncertain | 2 | Bio/Vote History | |
Aaron Edlin
|
Berkeley | Did Not Answer | Bio/Vote History | ||
Barry Eichengreen
|
Berkeley | Strongly Agree | 9 | Bio/Vote History | |
Liran Einav
|
Stanford | --- | --- |
--- |
Bio/Vote History |
| Joined 11/2013 | Agree | 5 | |||
Ray Fair
|
Yale | Uncertain | 5 |
I am working on this question now using my macro model. Any thoughts on what discount rate to use for increased future unemployment? |
Bio/Vote History |
Amy Finkelstein
|
MIT | --- | --- |
--- |
Bio/Vote History |
| Joined 11/2013 | Agree | 4 | |||
|
|
Yale | Agree | 6 | Bio/Vote History | |
Claudia Goldin
|
Harvard | Agree | 7 | Bio/Vote History | |
Austan Goolsbee
|
Chicago | Agree | 5 |
This all depends on how much you value avoiding short-run collapse versus the costs long-term. But it’s not free. |
Bio/Vote History |
Michael Greenstone
|
Chicago | Strongly Agree | 5 |
U.S. was losing 700K jobs per month & K markets were not functioning. economy was in crisis & ARRA helped, along with K markt interventions |
Bio/Vote History |
|
|
Stanford | Uncertain | 3 |
I'd agree that the results are likely to be on the positive side, but I can think of future crashes caused by the accumulation of debt |
Bio/Vote History |
Oliver Hart
|
Harvard | --- | --- |
--- |
Bio/Vote History |
| Joined 11/2013 | Agree | 8 |
Again, I'm enough of a Keynesian to believe this. |
||
Bengt Holmström
|
MIT | Agree | 2 |
Feedback effects too complicated to calculate. My best guess is that the program was marginally beneficial, but monetary easing helped more. |
Bio/Vote History |
Caroline Hoxby
|
Stanford | Strongly Disagree | 5 |
same as above |
Bio/Vote History |
Hilary Hoynes
|
Berkeley | --- | --- |
--- |
Bio/Vote History |
| Joined 11/2013 | Strongly Agree | 10 | |||
Kenneth Judd
|
Stanford | Uncertain | 6 |
Same as response to previous question. |
Bio/Vote History |
Steven Kaplan
|
Chicago | --- | --- |
--- |
Bio/Vote History |
| Joined 11/2013 | Uncertain | 5 | |||
Anil Kashyap
|
Chicago | Uncertain | 7 |
Payoffs to special interests (& associated political costs that paralyzed other efforts) made it far less effective than it could have been |
Bio/Vote History |
Pete Klenow
|
Stanford | Uncertain | 8 |
Depends critically on how permanent and useful the stimulus to government spending. |
Bio/Vote History |
Edward Lazear
|
Stanford | Strongly Disagree | 8 |
The cost is the enormous and tough-to-reverse growth of government. This swamps even high estimates of benefits. See my op-eds. that explain -see background information here |
Bio/Vote History |
Jonathan Levin
|
Stanford | Did Not Answer | Bio/Vote History | ||
Eric Maskin
|
Harvard | Agree | 6 | Bio/Vote History | |
|
|
Yale | Agree | 7 |
Hard to know how the increased debt will be paid (Congress could make a mess of it), so some uncertainty here. |
Bio/Vote History |
Maurice Obstfeld
|
Berkeley | Strongly Agree | 9 | Bio/Vote History | |
Cecilia Rouse
|
Princeton | Agree | 9 |
Not sure how to interpret "effects on future spending" but I'm persuaded the alternative (without the ARRA) would have put us on a bad path. |
Bio/Vote History |
Emmanuel Saez
|
Berkeley | Agree | 6 | Bio/Vote History | |
Larry Samuelson
|
Yale | --- | --- |
--- |
Bio/Vote History |
| Joined 11/2013 | Uncertain | 1 |
Benefits and costs are sufficiently hard to measure that this remains largely an act of faith. |
||
José Scheinkman
|
Princeton | Uncertain | 3 |
This will depend on future tax and spending policies. |
Bio/Vote History |
|
|
MIT | Agree | 3 | Bio/Vote History | |
Carl Shapiro
|
Berkeley | --- | --- |
--- |
Bio/Vote History |
| Joined 11/2013 | Strongly Agree | 9 |
Everyone should remember that the economy was in free fall when ARRA was passed. Recoveries from financial crises are long and hard. |
||
Robert Shimer
|
Chicago | --- | --- |
--- |
Bio/Vote History |
| Joined 11/2013 | Uncertain | 8 | |||
Hyun Song Shin
|
Princeton | Disagree | 6 | Bio/Vote History | |
James Stock
|
Harvard | Agree | 7 | Bio/Vote History | |
Nancy Stokey
|
Chicago | No Opinion |
How can anyone imagine this question is answerable, given the current state of economic science? |
Bio/Vote History | |
Richard Thaler
|
Chicago | Strongly Agree | 8 |
The part of the economy where we are still losing jobs is gov employment. Gov can create its own recession by being short sighted. |
Bio/Vote History |
Christopher Udry
|
Yale | Agree | 1 | Bio/Vote History | |
Luigi Zingales
|
Chicago | Disagree | 4 | Bio/Vote History | |